Ka whakahaerehia e tēnei aromatawai he tātari mō ngā painga penapena-pūngao i tutuki i muri i te tāutanga o ngā koti whakamahana wera ki ngā takirere me ngā taputapu. I mua i te whakahoutanga, i tukuna e ngā wāhanga pāmahana teitei o ngā takirere me ngā taputapu he nui te kaha wera mā te irahiko me te whakawhiti, ā, ka hua ake he koretake o te whakapaunga pūngao. I taua wā, i whakanui ake i te pāmahana taiao o te rohe e karapoti ana, ā, i whakararu i te whakamarie o te mahi me te pumau o te mahi taputapu. Ka taea e te paparanga whakamahana kua tāutahia te whakaiti i ngā huringa pāmahana o ngā taputapu, te whakaiti i te kino o te ahotea wera, me te whakaiti i te tere rahunga me ngā utu tiaki. Mai i te tirohanga o te hokinga mai o te haumi, ka taea te whakahoki mai i te whakaurunga whakahoutanga i roto i te wā poto mā roto i ngā hua penapena-pūngao. Ka tukuna e ia ngā painga ōh(huán)anga me te taiao, e whakarato ana i te tautoko kaha mō te whanaketanga matomato me te iti-waro o ngā umanga. E whakaatu ana ngā hua whakamātautau mara: ko te pāmahana taiao o roto he tata ki te 45–60℃, ā, ko te pāmahana mata o ngā taputapu takirere whakahaere kei waenga i te 110℃ ki te 190℃. Ko te ngaronga wera i ngā wā katoa kua nui ake i te uara whakamahana wera mōrahi kua tohua i roto i te paerewa ā-motu GB/T 8174-2008.

Hei aromatawai tika i te uara penapena pūngao tuturu o ngā taupoki whakamahana taputapu, ka whakamahia e tēnei whakamātautau te "tikanga whakataurite i mua-me-muri": I raro i te whakaaro he tino ōrite ngā āhuatanga whakahaere taputapu (te pāmahana mahi, te kawenga, te pāmahana taiao), ka whakamahia ngā taputapu ngaio pēnei i ngā pūoko pāmahana tino tika, ngā mita rerenga wera, me ngā mita pūngao hiko hei aroturuki i te pāmahana mata o te taputapu me te ngaronga whakamarara wera i mua me muri i te tāutanga o ngā taupoki whakamahana. Hei tauira, ko ngā whakaahua o te papaanga: I roto i tēnei horopaki whakamātautau, i te wā kāore i te taupoki whakamahana te takirere taputapu, ka whakamarara tonu te wera o tōna mata pāmahana teitei ki waho, ka hua ake te pāmahana tae atu ki te 200℃ i te wā e whakahaerehia ana te taputapu; i muri i te tāutanga o te taupoki whakamahana, ka āraia te whakamararatanga o te pūngao wera, ā, ka heke tika te pāmahana taiao huri noa i te taputapu ki te 45℃. —— I muri i te tāutanga o ngā taupoki whakamahana ki runga i ngā paipa me ngā takirere taputapu, ka heke nui te pāmahana ki te 45℃, ka tutuki pai te paerewa mō te pāmahana whakahaere noa o te taputapu. Kua tutuki i ngā mahi whakamahana ngā hua whakamiharo, ā, kua pai te whakarite i te mahi pumau o te taputapu.

Hei aromatawai tika i te uara penapena pūngao tuturu o ngā koti whakamahana taputapu, ka whakamahia e tēnei whakamātautau te "tikanga whakataurite i mua-me-muri": I raro i te whakaaro he tino ōrite ngā āhuatanga whakahaere taputapu (te pāmahana mahi, te kawenga, te pāmahana taiao), ka whakamahia ngā taputapu ngaio pēnei i ngā pūoko pāmahana tino tika, ngā mita rerenga wera, me ngā mita hiko hei aroturuki i te pāmahana mata o te taputapu me te ngaronga whakamarara wera i mua me muri i te tāutanga o ngā koti whakamahana. Hei tauira, mā te tango i ngā whakaahua i te papaanga: I roto i tēnei horopaki whakamātautau, i te wā kāore i whakauruhia ngā koti whakamahana ki ngā takirere taputapu, ka whakamarara tonu ō rātou mata pāmahana teitei ki waho, ka hua ake he pāmahana whakahaere tae atu ki te 120℃-200℃. I muri i te tāutanga o ngā koti whakamahana, ka āraihia te whakamararatanga o te pūngao wera, ā, ka whakahekehia tika te pāmahana taiao huri noa i te taputapu ki te 35℃-45℃. —— I muri i te tāutanga o ngā koti whakamahana ki runga i ngā paipa taputapu me ngā takirere i roto i te awheawhe whakamahine, ka tino heke te pāmahana ki te 40℃, ka tutuki pai ngā whakaritenga pāmahana whakahaere paerewa mō ngā taputapu. Kua tutuki i ngā mahi whakamahana ngā hua whakamiharo, ka whakarite kia pumau te mahi a te taputapu.

Ngā Koti Whakamarumaru Takirere Hangaia mō Mareia: Te āhuatanga Tika me ngā Painga Maha-Matua

Ngā Painga Matua i Whakamāramahia: Te Whakamana Takirua i te Whakaiti Utu me te Whakapai Ake i te Whai Hua

Ahakoa he "wāhanga iti" te āhua nei i roto i te hanga ahumahi, he "take nui" ngā uhi whakamahana taputapu e pā ana ki te tiaki pūngao, te whakaiti i te kai, te hanga haumaru, me te kounga hua. Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa i ngā umanga ki te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere me te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea haumaru engari ka whai wāhi hoki ki te whakatutuki i te whanaketanga matomato me te iti-waro i roto i te rāngai ahumahi. I runga i te papamuri o te huringa ahumahi me te whakapai ake i tēnei wā, kua noho te whiriwhiri i ngā uhi whakamahana taputapu kounga teitei, e tika ana hei mehua nui mā ngā umanga ki te whakarei ake i tō rātou whakataetae matua. I te heke mai, me te auahatanga hangarau tonu me te whānui haere o ngā horopaki tono, ka nui ake te mahi a ngā uhi whakamahana taputapu i roto i te hanga ahumahi, ka whakarato tautoko pakari mō te whanaketanga kounga teitei o ngā momo ahumahi.

Anei tētahi kohinga tauira tāutanga tūturu o ngā uhi whakamahana ritenga i hangaia e mātou mā ngā kiritaki. Ko te hanga me te tāutanga o ia uhi whakamahana he whakaaturanga o te mahi toi tino kaha. Mai i ngā inenga tika-mirimita me te tapahi kua whakaritea kia rite ki ngā pihi o te taputapu, ki te whiriwhiri tupato i ngā rauemi kounga teitei e ātete ana ki ngā pāmahana teitei me te koroheketanga, me te whakakī āputa me te mau hononga i te wā tāutanga - ka mahia ia taahiraa me te tino whakapau kaha. Kāore he paerewa noa iho, he mahi tino pai kua arotahihia. Ehara i te mea he taputapu whai hua noa iho ēnei uhi whakamahana taputapu mō te tiaki wera me te whai hua o te pūngao engari he whakaaturanga tūturu hoki o tā mātou whakapau kaha ki te kounga. He mea hanga me te tino atawhai, kua hangaia hei tiaki i ngā mahi whakaputa a ā mātou kiritaki.

He kaupapa tēnei nā mātou i mahi mā ā mātou kiritaki. Ko te whakamarumaru whānui o te tāke taputapu ko tā mātou rauemi hou, ehara i te mea he rauemi tuku iho pērā i te huruhuru karāhe pahuka, engari ko te peita tiaki taiao-nano mō tēnei tāke taputapu nui.

He tino māmā te tukanga hanga. Tuatahi, whakakoihia te kirikiri me te tango i te waikura, kātahi ka peita i te peita tuatahi me te peita o runga. He aha te āhua o te hua? He tino ataahua? ā, he tino penapena hiko hoki. Ka noho makariri i te takurua, ā, ka ārai i te wera i te raumati, ka taea ai te ārai i te waikura, te hukapapa, te hukapapa me te ngatata me ētahi atu raruraru. He maha ā mātou kaupapa ārai peita tāke kua oti, me te wheako nui me te hangarau matatau.

I te hekenga haere o te pāmahana, ehara i te mea he wero noa iho te hau makariri ki ngā kaimahi o waho, engari he tūponotanga anō hoki ki ngā taputapu whakaputa i roto i ngā wheketere. Mō ngā ahumahi e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā taputapu taumaha me ngā taputapu tika, pērā i te hanga, te miihini matū, te hiko, me ngā kakahu, ehara te whakamahana taputapu i te takurua i te "mea iti noa" engari he "hononga matua" e pā ana ki te whai huatanga o te whakaputa, te roa o te ratonga taputapu, me te hanga haumaru. I roto i ngā mahi katoa, ko te tāuta i ngā uhi whakamahana ngaio mō ngā taputapu - pērā i te whakatakoto i ngā "kākahu takurua kua whakaritea" ki runga - kua waiho hei huarahi whai hua ki te ātete i ngā kino o te pāmahana iti.

Koinei te taupoki whakamahana mīhini pupuhi i hangaia e mātou mā ngā kiritaki i Shandong. I muri i te hanga, ka taea te penapena pūngao me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga, te ārai i te whakaputanga o te hauhautanga, te tiaki i ngā taputapu, me te whakaroa i te roa o te ratonga. He maha ngā tau o te kamupene e mahi ana ki te hanga taupoki whakamahana pūnga. Ahakoa te momo mīhini kei a koe, mena e hiahiatia ana e koe, ka taea e mātou te whakarite i tētahi taupoki whakamahana e tika ana māu.