????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ??, ???? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??. ??????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??, ??? ?? ????? ?? "????? ???" ????????? ??? ??, ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??, ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??. ?? ? ????, ???????? ???? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??, ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???????. ??????, ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??, ????-?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ??.
? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????, ????-???????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??. ?? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ???, ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ???.

???????? ????? ??????????? ????? ????????
???????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ??, ?? ????? ???????, ???????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??. ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????????:
1. ????-?????? ????????? ???????
????? ?????? ?????: 1,400°C (2,552°F) ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??, ?? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????, ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??.
???? ??????: ???????? ???????????? ????? 70% ???? ????, ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??.
??? ????? ??????: 0.03 W/m·K ?????? ????, ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? 15-30% ????? ??? ??.
????? ??????? ????????????? ??-???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??.